Titanium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ti. It is known to have a low density, good luster, and excellent resilience to corrosion. It is silver in color and bears an atomic number of 22.
Like most other metals, titanium can be used to make alloys with other metals like molybdenum, iron, vanadium and aluminum. This is done to create lightweight but tough alloys to be employed in military, aerospace and manufacturing applications. Missiles, jet engines, spacecraft, desalination plants, paper and pulp are the most common finished solutions of titanium alloys.
In a smaller scale, it can also be used in the food, agriculture, and medical sectors. Dental implants, orthopedic implants, prostheses, endodontic devices, and other medical equipment are often made from titanium and its alloys. Even basic accessories and gadgets like jewelry, sporting goods and mobile phones make use of this element.
When we speak of titanium alloys, we are referring to a mixture that resulted from combining titanium with other elements. They are clubbed into four general classifications.
1. Alpha alloys - these are a mix of alpha additives (like aluminum and oxygen) and any neutral alloying elements like tin.
2. Near-alpha alloys - these types contain a small tinge of ductile beta-phase (like silicon, vanadium, or molybdenum), added to alpha-phase stabilizers.
3. Alpha and Beta alloys - these are generally metastable and are a mixture of beta stabilizers and alpha stabilizers.
4. Beta Alloys - these are also metastable and have enough amounts of beta stabilizers (like vanadium, silicon and molybdenum) that make them to stay in their beta phase even when quenched.
Titanium alloys contain many properties. Titanium in the alpha-phase is generally stronger than titanium in beta-phase. However, the former is less ductile than the latter. If we examine the titanium metal alone, it is as durable, strong and stable as steel, but about half as light. In comparison with aluminum, it is more than half as heavy but two times as sturdy. It also has good corrosion resistance, especially to water, that is why it is generally used in the manufacture of boat parts.
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